As QR codes have grown in popularity, they have also caught the attention of bad actors. A QR code is essentially a graphic wrapper for text or links. Since the human eye cannot decode the pixel pattern directly, scanners must trust that the destination link is safe. In this guide, we will break down common QR security threats and explain how users and businesses can stay safe.
The Primary Threat: Qrishing (QR Phishing)
Qrishing is phishing conducted via QR codes. In a traditional phishing attack, you receive a spam email containing a fraudulent link. In a Qrishing attack, the link is hidden inside a QR code.
Bad actors place these QR codes in public places (like parking meters, bus stops, or restaurant tables) or send them in print flyers. Once scanned, the QR code redirects you to a spoofed login page designed to steal your passwords, credit card details, or personal data.
How to Scan Safely: Key Rules for Users
- Inspect the Physical Code: Look closely at printed QR codes in public. Scammers often stick printed QR labels over legitimate QR codes (like on parking meters). If it looks like a sticker over a solid print, do not scan it.
- Preview the URL Before Launching: Most modern smartphone camera apps show a small URL preview above the QR code before you click it. Check this URL carefully. Is it the official domain? Look for typos or weird extensions (e.g.,
paypal.support-security.xyzinstead ofpaypal.com). - Be Wary of Shortened Links: If a QR code directs you to a link shortener (like bit.ly, tinyurl, etc.), use caution. Scammers use shorteners to mask their final destination domains.
- Never Download Apps from QR Codes Directly: Only download apps from official sources like Apple App Store or Google Play Store. Do not install
.apkpackages downloaded directly from random QR codes.
How Businesses Can Protect Their Customers
If you are a business owner using QR codes for customer campaigns, you have a responsibility to maintain trust:
- Use Branded Designs: Customized QR codes with your colors and logo are harder for malicious actors to copy or replicate than simple black squares.
- Choose Secure QR Providers: Ensure your QR generator provider uses secure HTTPS redirection, does not sell visitor data, and regularly audits their redirect links.
- Audit Physical Placement: Regularly check your table cards, posters, and checkout counters to ensure no one has stuck a rogue QR label over your campaigns.